A slowly changing dimension (SCD) is a dimension table whose attributes change occasionally over time. SCD Type 2 keeps full history by inserting a new row for each change, with effective-from and effective-to dates and a current-row flag, so reports can show data as it was at any point.
Type 1 simply overwrites old values and keeps no history; Type 2 is the common choice when audits or point-in-time reporting matter. On a lakehouse, SCD Type 2 is typically implemented with a Delta Lake MERGE fed by change data capture.
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